Historically, Southdown sheep at the Billings Farm, and across Vermont in the 19th century, have been vitally important.  

In 1811, the Vermont sheep boom began. Within four decades, there were over 1.6 million sheep in the state, outnumbering residents six to one. Although the sheep population had been growing steadily, and contributing to the local economy accordingly, it took a major hit when the tariff on wool was lowered. Many Vermonters traveled west with their flocks where land was cheaper and more fertile. Frederick Billings, however, was undeterred.  

After the previous farm owner had given up on sheep farming, Billings reintroduced them to the farm with the purchase of a flock of Southdown sheep. Known for their high-quality meat and excellent fleece, these sheep were fairly inexpensive to raise; they quickly became an integral part of the farm.